Beginner

IP Addressing and Subnetting

Private IPv4 ranges: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16.

This reference covers the foundation knowledge required to work confidently with IP addressing and subnetting: binary and hexadecimal numbering systems, IPv4 addressing and subnet masks, classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) and Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM), private versus public addressing, IPv6 addressing, and the fundamentals of routing and routing tables.

Binary is a base-2 numbering system that only uses the digits 0 and 1. These digits are called bits, and they correspond to the on/off states used in electronics (1 = on, 0 = off). Bits are the fundamental unit used to represent data and instructions in computing, and they determine how much data can be stored or how fast it can be transmitted over a network.

A critical fact to remember: eight binary 1s equal decimal 255. Also remember that counting starts at 0, so the range 0 to 255 actually represents 256 distinct values (0 is a number too).

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What's inside

6 sections
  1. 1 Table of Contents
  2. 2 Module 1: Understanding IPv4
  3. 3 Module 2: Understanding IPv6
  4. 4 Module 3: Understanding Routing Tables
  5. 5 Summary
  6. 6 Quick-Reference Cheat Sheet

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